fld< fkdue;s .i f,i ish¨‍ fokdu okakd t,a¨‍ï .i ms<sn|j we;af;a iqúfYaI l;djls' úfYaIfhkau jrog o~qjï l< hq;=h hkak u; mokï jq t,a¨‍ï .i Y%S ,xldj ;=, l%shd;aul lsÍug w;S; rc oji mej;s o~qjï l%uho bjy,a jQjd hhs wkqudk l<yel' ukao tl, rdc Woyig yiqjk ´kEu flfkl=g m%isoaêfha W, ;eîu" we;=ka ,jd mE.ùu" f;,a lgdrï j,g oeóu jeks oreKq o~qjï §ug rcjreka lsisod mels¨‍fKa ke;s nj fM;sydisl l;d mqj;a j,ska wmg fmfka' ta wdldrfha o~qjï l%u ksid w;S; iudcfha o~qjug we;s ìh j¾Okh ù tu.ska iudc ¥Is; l%shdj, fh§ug jQ fm<Uùu wvqúh' úfYaIfhkau j¾;udkfha úúO rgj, urK o~qju l%shd;aul ùu úúO wÈhr j,ska isÿ l<o" t,a¨‍ï .y ;ju;a ,xldj iïnkaOfhka l%shd;aul jk tlu l%uhhs' úúO rgj,§ fuhg wu;rj úÿ,s mqgqj" fjä ;eîu hkdÈh o isÿ lrkq ,nhs'

w;S;fha § ,xldfõ ie,lsh hq;= mqoa.,hka msßila urK o~qjñka ish Èú fl<jr lr.;a nj m%ldY fõ' ì%;dkH hq.fha t,a¨‍ï.y l%shd;aul jQ wjia:djla f,i jD;a;sfhka j;= wêldrjrfhl= jQ mqoa.,fhl=g j;af;a ‍fiajlfhl= urd oeóu iïnkaOfhka urK o~qju ,nd § ;sfí' 1856 ;rï wE;l§ lE.,af,a lvms<l§ urŒh o~qju m%isoaêfha isÿl< wjia:djla .eko jd¾;d fõ' bka miqj uE;l§ nKavdrKdhl ñkSuereï kvqfõ t,a¨‍ï.y kshu jQ udmsá.u nqoaOrlaÅ;" tÉ' mS' chj¾Ok" ;,a¥fõ fidaudrdu hk ;sfokdf.ka ;,a¥fõ fidaudrdug urK o~qju kshu jQfha m%sú ljqkai, ;Skaÿfjks' isrf.g kshu jQ miqj l%sia;shdks wd.u je,|.;a Tyq 1962 cQ,s 6 jeks Èk t,a,d urK ,È'

t,a¨‍ï.yg kshu jQ m%:u fmd,sia ks<Odßhd jQfha ikafidaks fmf¾rd kï wfhls' wdá., ñkSuereï kvqfõ ú;a;slrejl= jQ Tyqo ish Ôú;h ksulr .;af;a t,a¨‍ï .fiks' fï kvqj úNd. jk úg;a Tyq úY%dñl fmd<sia ks<Odßfhla ùu úfYaI;ajh úh' fcdaka is,ajd >d;kh yd ydr,laI uxfld,a,h iïnkaOfhka jerÈlrejka jQ fldf<dkakdfõ ñkSfmÜá f–ñia fkdfyd;a f–ñia fifkúr;ak;a" msßfjka wdhq¾fõo isiqjl= jQ fma%u,d,a rdcmlaI;a" fmd,sisfha fiajh l< uqKisxy" yuqodfõ fiajh l< fmf¾rd hk who urK o~qjug hg;a jQy'


tfiau nKavdr.u ,E;rndia kï mqoa.,hd we;=¿ ;j;a ;sfofkl=go urK o~qju kshu jQfha jhsÜyjqia kï j; wêldrjrhdf.a >d;kh iïnkaOfhks' ;jo j;= hdhl jegqma uqo,a /f.k .sh mdi,a .=rejrfhl= urd oeóu fya;=fjka j;= lïlrefjl= jQ fõ,dhqOka yg urK o~qju kshu úh' ,xldfõ t,a¨‍ï.y ;ykï lsÍug fmr wjika jYfhka t,a¨‍ï.yg kshu jQfha pkaøodi fkdfyd;a fyd| mmqjdgh' ta ish fmïj;sh ueÍug o~qjï jfYhka t,a¨‍ï.yg kshu jQ wh iïnkaOfhka m%lg l;djka o f.dvke.S ;sfí'úfYaIfhka tla mqoa.,fhl=g urK o~qjug fmr lKaKdählska uqyqK fmkajQ úg '˜‍ndfrda Wfò flreud wÈka bjrhs˜‍ hkqfjka mjid we;' ;fjkll= isr ueÈßfha nqoaO m%;sudjl rEmhla we| ;sfnkq oel mqj;am;a fõÈfhl= ke.+ mekhlg ms<s;=re foñka m%ldYlr we;af;a ˜‍ud kï uf.a urKh isÿjk Èkh okakjd"kuq;a kqU kqfò urKh isÿjk Èkh okakjdo˜‍ hkqfjks' iqm%isoaO imqj,dk ïkSuereï kvqfõ t,a¨‍ï .yg kshu jQ isßfiak kï wfhla ,shQ lú 1954 j¾Ifha§ muK tjl mqj;am;aj, m<fldg ;snqfKa" tjlg wêlrK wud;HdxYfha úfYaI wjirhla u; isrlrejka ms<sn|j mÍlaId fldg jd¾;d lsÍu isÿl<"miql,Skj ,xldfõ ckdêm;s njg m;a jQ rKisxy fma%uodi uy;d úisks' tßla nfpda kï ;eke;a;d isrl=áh ;=< isg fmd;la ,shQnj o i|yka fõ'


Y%S ,xld oKav kS;s ix.%yh hgf;a 114 j.ka;sfha rdcH jerÈ iïnkaOfhka 129 j.ka;sh hgf;a yuqodj ;=< le/,a,la ixúOdkh lsÍu iïnkaOfhka" 191 fndre idlaIs §u iïnkaOfhka" 296 hgf;a ñkSueÍu isÿ lrk wfhl= iïnkaOfhka" 299 hgf;a ish Èú ydkslr .ekSug wkqn, §u o urK o~qjñka o~qjï lsÍug yels jerÈ fjhs' óg wu;rj wka;rdhlr U!IO wd{d mk; hgf;a u;al=vq cdjdrfï fh§uo urK oKavKh ,eîug ;rï nrm;, jrols'


wod, kvqfõ idlaIs úuid n,k úgl tlS jrolreg urK o~qju kshu lsÍug ;rï meyeÈ,s idlaIs ;sfíkï o
wfkl=;a idOl o fidhdn,d o~qjï kshu lrhs' tys§ wod, ;Skaÿj m%ldYhg m;a lsÍug fmr wêlrK Yd,dfõ úÿ,s myka ksjd oukq ,efí' urK o~qju kshu l< j.ka;sh ,shd th ,shQ mEk lvd oukq ,efí'



,xld kS;sh hgf;a ckdêm;sjrhd kshu lrkq ,nk Èkhl§ t,a,d ueÍu isÿ lrhs' urK o~qju kshu lrkq ,enQ mqoa.,hka isr ueÈßj, fjk fjku ;nkq ,efí' Èklg YdÍßl jHdhdu i|yd muKla iSñ; fj,djla tlS isr ueÈßj,ska t,shg .kq ,efí' urK o~qju l%shd;aul lsÍug fmrÈk fmdarlh wi, we;s fjk;a ldurhl wjidk Èk rd;%sfha r|jd ;nkq ,efí' tys§ Tyqf.a nr lsrd tu nrg iß,k je,s f.dakshla t,a,d t,a¨‍ï .fia ,Kqj l%shd;aul lr mÍlaIKhla lrkq ,efí' isrlre lEug leu;s wdydrhla ms<sfh, lr fok w;r wjYH kï úials iaj,amhla o îug fokq ,efí' ;jo ;ud leu;s wd.ñl mQcljrfhla f.kajd O¾u foaYkdjla o lrkq ,efí' tla;rd wjia:djl§ urK o~qju ,nd isá isrlrejl=f.a wjidk b,a,Su jQfha fudys§ka fn.a kï .dhlhd ,jd .S;hla .dhkd lrjd .ekSuhs' ta whqßkau leue;a; bgqlrjd ÿka nj;a" miqj isrlre fmdarlh fj; .sfha ;udu ta iskaÿj .dhkd lrñka nj;a mejfia'



t,a¨‍ï .i l%shd;aul lrk mqoa.,hd w¨‍f.daiqjd hk kñka y÷kajhs' j¾;udkfha kï w¨‍f.daiqjd hkq ld¾hhka lsÍulska f;drj jegqma ,nkafkls' úfYaIfhkau thg fya;= ù we;af;a t,a¨‍ï.yg ,enqKq úrdufha msysg w¨‍f.daijdgo ,eî we;s neúks'urK o~qju l%shd;aul lrk Èk WoEik wod, fpdaÈ; mqoa.,hdg úfYaI we÷ula wkaojkq ,efí'tlS we÷u wekao jQ miq w;afol fi,ùugj;a wjia:djla fkdue;' bka miqj Tyqf.a uqyqK lKaKdählska fmkajkq ,efí'th ;u uqyqK oel.ekSug ,efnk wka;su wjia:dj fjhs'wd.ñl mQcljr‍fhl= meñK wd.ñl lghq;= ksu jQ miqj fmdarlh fj; le|jdf.k hkq ,efí'tfiau t,a¨‍ï .y j¾;udkfha l%shd;aul lrkq ,nkafka ks<OdÍka lsysm fofkl= bÈßmsg§h' fï lKavdhug ffjoHjrfhl= o we;=,;a fjhs' t,a¨‍ï.y ;nd we;af;a isrf.hs w÷re ldurhla ;=,h' wo ojfia fnda.ïnr isr f.or iy je,slv isr f.or muKla t,a¨‍ï.ia ;sfí'



t,a¨‍ï.y l%shd;aul jk Èkfha wod, w÷re ldurh ;=, t,a,d urKq ,nkakdf.a ku Èkh i|yka fldg we;' t,a,d ueÍug fhdod.kakd lUh fn,aðhfuka wdkhkh lrkq ,efí' t,a¨‍ï .ig wjYH lUh fuod mdlsia:dkfhka f.kaùugo lghq;= fhdod we;' t,a,Sfï § fn,a, isrùfuka W.=re oKav leãhdula isÿfõ' uqyqK jeiSu fyda fkdjeiSu isÿ lrkafka wod, o~qju ,nkakdf.a ukdmh mßÈh' urK o~qju l%shd;aul jQ miq ffjoHjrfhl= úiska wod, isrer mÍlaId lr yßhgu ñh weoaoehs mÍlaId lrkq ,efí' Uyq túgo ñhd.dia ke;skï kej; t,a¨‍ï.y l%shd;aul fldg urd oeóug fkdyelsh' wod, mqoa.,hdf.a YÍrh j,oeuQ miqj ta u; mia f.dv.ikq fkd,efí' thg fya;=j Tyq jrolrefjl= f,i o~qjï ,nd ñh hduhs'wm uE;l§ iodï yqfiaka kï ysgmq kdhlfhl=g tfrysj j¾. >d;kh isÿ lsÍu fjkqfjka ,ndÿka urK o~qju m%isoaêfha udOH Tiafia oel .;suq' th t,a¨‍ï.yla l%shd;aul jk wdldrh f,dal m%cdjgu oel.; yelsjQ iqúfYaI wjia:djla fjhs'fï wdldrhg n,k úg t,a¨‍ï.y urK o~qju ,nd§fï § Wmfhda.S lr.kakd l%u w;r ;ju m%uqL ia:dkh ysñ lrf.k we;'



,xldfõ urK o~qju bj;a l, hq;=hhs úúO woyia m, ù ;sfí'úfYaIfhkau ,xldj fn!oaO rgla ùu;a fn!oaO O¾ufha jk wúysxidjd§ m%;sm;a;sh;a fuhg uQ,sl jkakg we;' uq,a hq.fha isgu wfma rfÜ mej;s urK o~qju bj;a l< hq;= njg uq,skau fhdackdjla f.k wdfõ tjl w.%dud;H ã'tia' fiakdkdhl uy;d úisks'1928 § rdcH uka;%K iNdjg f.k wd fuu fhdackdj m%;slafIam jQfha fuhg úl,am o~qjula fkdjQ neúks' 1936 § mdkÿr fldÜGdYh ksfhdackh l< iqika;do f*dkafiald uy;d úiska kej;;a rdcH uka;%K iNdjg t,a¨‍ï.y ;ykï lsÍfï fhdackd f.k wd w;r Èú we;s f;la nkaOkd.dr .; ùu úl,am jYfhka fhdackd ù we;s kuq;a th o m%;slafIam úh'

kS;s fmdf;a ;jÿrg;a urK o~qju ,shù ;snqKo th l%shd;aul lsÍu tia'ví'wd¾'ã' nKavdrKdhl uy;d úiska kj;d ouk ,È' fï mk; md¾,sfïka;=fjka iïu; lrk ,o kuq;a fifkÜ iNdfjka iïu; fkdjQ ksid fojk jr md¾,sfïka;=fõ talÉPkaofhka iïu; lr .ekSu ;=,ska l%shd;aul úh' fï ksid tjlg;a urK o~qju kshu ù isá urokalvj, hlvhd" lms;dka wd;¾ fmf¾rd" tßla nqfpda hk whg Ôú;dka;h olajd isr o~qjug hg;a ùug isÿ úh'

kuq;a kej; t,a¨‍ï iïnkaOfhka l;dnyg ,la jQfha uydêlrK úksiqrejrfhl= jQ ir;a wfòmsáh uy;df.a >d;kh;a iu.skah' úksiqre wfòmsáh >d;kh l< kjq*¾ keue;a;d t,a,d ueßh hq;= njg iudcfha fndfyda fokd woyia oelaùu fuhg fya;=j úh' kS;s{ ix.uh u.ska o fï woyi iaÓr úh' 2006 jif¾§ ckdêm;s;=ud m%ldY l< wdlr‍hg l=vq cd‍jdrïlrejka" l=vq jHdmdßlhka yg urK o~qju l%shd;aul lrjk nj m%ldY l,o" ;ju;a urK o~qju ,xldfõ l%shd;aul fkdfõ' urK o~qju l%shd;aul l, yelafla ckdêm;s;=udg fyda ;=ñhg muKla jk kuqÿ urK o~qju kshu l, yelafla wêlrKhg muKla ùu iqúfYaI;ajhls' tfia fkdù kshu lsÍu" l%shd;aul lsÍu hk folu tla mqoa.,fhl=g muKla kshu ù lsnq‚ kï" th whym;a wdldrhg o l%shd;aul ùug we;súh yelsj ;snQ bvlv ñka wyqrd oud ;sfí'

flfia jqjo ,xldj fn!oaO rgls' ta ixl,amh wkqj flfkl=f.a Ôúlh ke;s lsÍu jrols' kuq;a tla mqoa.,fhl=f.a Ôú;h ke;s lsÍu fyda Wla; oKav kS;s ix.%yfha oelajQ wfkl=;a jerÈ isÿ ùu u.ska iudchg jkakd jQ ydksh iq¿mgq fkdfõ' j¾;udkh ie,ls,a,g .ekSfï § o~qjug ìh we;s lsÍug;a" wmrdO j,lajd .ekSug;a urK ovqju bjy,a fjhs' kuq;a ;ju;a ,xldj ;=, t,a¨‍ï .y l%shd;aul fkdfõ'


w.ue;s nKavdrdkdhl uy;d t,a¨‍ï.i ;ykï l<o" Bg miqjo t,a¨‍ï .i l%shd;aul úh' nKavdrkdhl uy;d >d;kh l< fidaudrdu NslaIqjo t,a,d ueÍh' kuq;a 1976-06-27 ka miqj t,a,d urd oeóu i|yd fï jkf;la t,a¨‍ï.i l%shd;aul lr ke;'