md,s mßydr Yíod¾:fhka ì£ú;a isxy, NdId jHjydrfhys tk fmryer hkafkys Ndú; jpkd¾: lSmfhlau olakg ,efí' bka nqÿ mfia nqÿ uy ry;ka jykafia yd fiiq W;a;uhka Wfoid;a o<od jykafia jeks mqcH jia;=ka úIfhys;a f.!rj mqo i;aldrh ms‚i li lrejka" fldä fiai;a .;a;jqka" keÜgqjka" mxp ;+¾h jdolhka" w,s we;=ka" wd§ka fm<g hEu w¾: .ekaù o<od jykafia úIfhys mQfcdamdydr ms‚i fm<g hdu o<od fmryr fyj;a wei< fmryr kñka m%lgj mj;s'
o<od fmryr fyj;a wei< fmryr ux.,a,h foia úfoia krUkakkaf.a fk;a is;a weo ne| .kakd wisßu;a ux., iïu; fmryr ux.,a,hls' fuls fmryer wdrïN jQfha ls;aisßfujka rcq ^l%s'j 301-328& oji o<od jykafia ,laÈjg jevu ùu;a iuÕh' uydjxYfha i|yka jk whqre rc f;fï kj ,laIhla ok úi|d o<od uy fmryr lf<ahs' wjqreÿ m;d wNh.sß úydrhg jvd f.k f.dia oka; Od;=jg fun÷ mQcd lrjhs' ksfhda. lf<ah hkafkka th ikd: fjhs' mdyshxf.a foaYdgk jd¾;dfjys rcf;fï ;=ka jk ui ueo§ § ^wei< ui& nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a o<odj fmkajkq ,efí' fuhg Èk oyhlg fmrd;=j lSfuys ìkSfuys olaI ñksil= rc we÷ï" me<÷ï" y|jd m<|jd" fudkjg ieriQ we;layq msg kÕjd kqjr yeúo wK fnr .id fufia lshkag i,iajhs' fndai;dKka jykafia wfils lmla uy;a jer jvd fmreï msrE fial' ish iem myiq fkd;ld ish rch o" ish ìij o" orejka o" oka ÿka fial'

;uka weia W.=,a,d th b,a,d wdjqkg ÿka fial''''''' wo isg oi Èklska ta nqÿ rÿkaf.a o<odj t<shg jevujd wNh.sß fjfyrg muqKqjkq ,efí' mska leu;s ish,af,da u. iu flfr;ajd' fldfõ" uyfõ iri;ajd' mqo ms‚i u,a yd iqj| ms<sfh, flfr;ajd hkqfjka flfrk úia;rfhka toji wei< fmryer ixúOdkh jq wdldrh lshfjhs' fufia wkqrmqr ls;aisßfujka uy rcqf.a mgka ,laÈj ishM rcjre" i;=re wdmod iïmkak wjia:djkays yer" wka yeu úgu" o<od fmryer ukdfia ne;sfhka meje;ajQy' fmdf<dkakre iufha uyd mrdl%ndyq rcq úiska o hglS mßÈ uyd jxYfha i|yka jk whqre rc f.or mgka fhdokla ;eka uÕ w;=,a ;,hla fihska iu;,d lrjd ishÆ i;=kaf.a jefvys we¨‍fka yeu ;ekays is;shï orkakd jq f,daldkkao fya;= jq f;drka lrjd f;drka hg kka l=iqï tf,k úis;=re j¾K fmrïmrd we;s mq,a úhka me<,s n|jd" f;drka geï tlla mdid kka jkska jid ne| ta geï uqÿkq;a P;%pdur mka;Ska yd kdkd mqIam l,dmhka o" úis;=re fldäfhka o" mqcdjg iqÿiq wkHjq fohska o irid ud¾.hdf.a WNh md¾Yjh;a m<ork ;eô,s" flfi,a" mqjla fmd,a .ia wdÈfhka fydnjdu kdu,a l<iska yd mqka l<iska o irijd ;%SofYakaøhdf.a iqÿiqka fjh fihska ud¾.dud¾. folays úpla‍IK jq rcf;fï ud¾.hka w,xldr lrjd o<od f.fodr ud,lhka w,ld kqjr fia i;a mqreIhka i;=gq lsÍfuys yels jq p;=r rcf;fï ckhka mskjñka fkdfhla myka oyiqkaf.a wÆfhka yd;ami ish¿ È.=ka yd tfiau úÈidfjka tl¿fldg P;%pdur mka;Ska o" úÑ;%Oc mka;Ska o" kdkd j¾. m;dldÈfhka o" ishÆ wyia l=i jiñka we;=kaf.a l=xpkdofhka o" wiqkaf.a fyaid rdjfhka o" r:hkaf.a pl%kdofhka o" fNÍkaf.a NdkaOdldrfhka o" ishÆ ux., ixLhkaf.a ufkdayr Yíofhka o" ldy,hkaf.a Yíofhka o" jka§kaf.a ch f>daIdfjka o" idÿldr èjksfhka o" ishÆ È.=ka fodvuÆ flrñka ñysm,a f;fï i¾jdNrKfhka úN=Is; jq rekaiela wdÈfhka ieÿï ,o m%jr fYdaNd we;s we;l= keÕS fkdfhla tl,ays ta uyd fï>h f;fï W;aij ia:dkfhka neyer jeis oyßka .xj;=r we;af;a yeu ;ekays jeõ mqrjñka hglS mßÈ fmdf<dkakre hq.fha uyd mrdl%undyq rcq iufha mej;s wei< fmryer ux.,a,h wkqrmqr mej;s wei< fmryer ux.,a,hg;a jvd úÑ;l%j meje;a jQ nj uekúka ia:qg fõ'

tu úia;rhg wkqj ish¨‍ wdNrKhkaf.ka ieriqKq ùKd" jia l=<,a" uDox. fNaÍ.;a ckhd o uy;a rEm fYdaNdfjka hq;= jQ kD;H .S; jdokdÈfhka mQcd flrñka" c;%" pdur" Oc m;ldÈh /qf.k hkakka o" we;a;= o" wYajfhda o .uka lf<dah' rcq úis;=re wdNrKfhka ieriS we;= msg ke.S .uka lf<ah' jeõ msÍ hk ;rug j¾Idj o m;s; úh' oUfo‚ rdcOdksfhys fojk mrdl%undyq rcq oji o fï yd iuj fmryer mej;s whqre jxYl;djkaf.ka fy<sfõ' tys§ f;uila mqrd W;aij meje;ajq nj o lshfõ' o<od jykafia jev isá iEu rdcOdkshlu mdfya wei< fmryer meje;a jQ nj is;d .; yelsh' ta wkqj hdmyqj rdcOdksfha o wei< fmryer w,s we;=ka úYd, ixLHdjlf.a iyNd.s;ajfhka fldä fiai;a pdur iys;j ùÈ ixpdrh l< nj lshfõ' l=reKE., hq.fhys isõjk mrdl%undyq rcq oji k.rh foúmqrhla fia iryd W;=reMuqM wh;eka isá;eka .Kjeis ls,sx fol=,fhka ksiaika iu`. jevyqka lrvqj .|ls,sfhka uE;a fldg úis;=re fldg iryk ,o r:fhys Nødikhg jvd .Kjeis ls,sx fol=,fhka fokakl= lrj jvd hk f,i r:hg kef.kqj bid" iqn ,l=fKka hq;a uyd we;l= r:fhys fhdod ta r:h m<uq fldg iqms<smka uy iÕk ms<sfj,ska r:fhys n| msß;a yqh f.k msß;a flfrñka jvkdj bid fodrkd jeis l=,fhka ksis tll= ,jd ߧ lgdrfhka kqjr msß;a meka biajkqj bid" r:fhys fomi isg pdur yd fiai;a lrkqj bid" o<odf.ys Oqrh yd úÊc;=ka r:h .djd bÈßfhka hkqj bid" hkqfjka o<od isß; kue;s fmdf;ys i|yka jHjia:djkag wkqj tjlg fmryer mej;s wdldrh o; yelsh' o<od isßf;ys tk pdß;% fndfydauhla wLKavj wo olajd;a mej;f.k ths' l=reKE., rdcOdksfha isg .Õisßmqr rdcOdkshg;a" t;eka isg fldaÜfÜ rdcOdkshg;a" bka wk;=rej is;djl rdcOdksfha fo,a.uqj rcuyd úydrhg;a" o<od jykafia jevujq nj jxYl;dj, i|yka fõ' tls rdcOdkska ;=< o Ñrd.; idïm%odhdkql=,j wei< fmryer ux.,a,h meje;ajq nj wkdjrKh fõ'

1592 m<uq jk úu,O¾uiqßh rcq oji Y%S o<od jykafia fixlv., mqr rdcOdkshg jevu ùfuka wk;=rej o wei< fmryer ux.,a,h mj;ajdf.k wd nj i,ld .; yelsh' uykqjr hq.fhys fojk rdcisxy rcq oji isrlrejl=j isá frdnÜ fkdlaia ÿgq fmryef¾ bÈßfhka lmqrd, flfkl= mg ms<sfhka T;d irik ,o ,Shla lr;nd f.k uqLjdvï neo yia;shl= msg ke.s ùÈ ixpdrh fldg we;s nj;a" ck;dj thg mqo i;aldr l< nj;a" úia;r fõ' we;a;= 40 la muK o" fnr ojq,a ;ïueÜgï jhkakjqka o, keÜgqfjda o" fï fmryef¾ .uka l<y' Tyqf.a úia;rhg wkqj tu fmryer foúhkag lemjQjla nj fmfka' fuu ld,mßÉfþoh jk úg wei< fmryer foaúhkag mqfcdamydrh ms‚i mej;s isõuyd foajd,fha fmryer jYfhka meje;ajqk nj wKdjrkh fõ' lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxy rcq ^l%s'j 1747 - 1781& oji l%s'j 1753 § o<od fmryer fmrgq fldg kd:" úIaKq" l;r.u" m;a;sks isõ uyd foajd,h wkqms<fj,g .uka .kakd wdldrhg wei< fmryer ux.,a,h meje;aùu wdrïN úh' t;eka isg wo olajdu fuu fmryer ux.,a,h Ñrd.; iïm%odhdkql=,j Y%S o<od ud,s.dj fmrgqfldg meje;afõ'

fcdaka fåõ yd fj,a,iafia Èidj ÿgq fmryer úia;rfha i|yka jk mßÈ k.rh foõmqrhla fia irid ;snq‚' ta ta ks,hka yÿkd.ekSu i|yd wod, fldä iys;j o" we;=ka wiqka .Kkdjla o" úúO fldä pdur orkafkda o" rcfha ks,Odßyq o" lvq .;af;da o" m,ia orkafkda o" fy,a, orkafkda o" fldä lia;dk orkafkda o" úfoaYslfhda o" fkdfhla NdIdjkays ksmqKfhda o" Ys,amSyq o" ia;%Syq o" .uka l<y' wk;=rej uyd ckhd o .uka .;ay' fuu fmryef¾ rc;=ud o uy;a f;aciska .uka .;af;ah' fufia fmryer k.rh m%olaIsKd l< w;r Od;= lr~qj irid u,ajeis jeiaiùh' rcq m;a;sßmamqjg meñfKk ;=re ro,jre yuqod ks,Odßyq yd fiiq ks,OdÍyq ;ukg we;s Wiiau we÷ñka ieriS ;ukag fjkajQ fldäh o /f.k isá;s' ߧ hIaáh /.;a wÈldrïjre fofokd o" wxl=ih w;ska .;a .ckdhl ks,fï o meñ‚fuka wk;=rej" rcq m;a;sßmamqfõ fmkS isá;au m%iia;s .dhkd wdrïN úh' rcq uyÈldru wu;d ta ta ÈYdj, wh fm< .eiS isákafkaoehs úuihs' wÈldrïjrhd ta j. oekajq miq rcqf.a kshufhka fmryer wdrïN fõ' fj,a,iafia Èidj yd fcdaka fåõ ÿgq fmryef¾ wkqms<sfj, fufia jq nj uq,dY%hkays oelafõ'

1' f,alï ñáh mkayso iuÕ f,alï

2' yia;shd uy fldäh iuÕ .ckdhl ks,fï

3' fldä ;=jlal= f,alï yd Tyq msßjrd.;a fldä;=jlal= msßi yd fldä;=jlal= uy fldäh

4' w;a ;=jlal= yd y;r fldarf<a Èidjg wh;a fldä iys; ks,Odßka yd msßi- bry| uy fldäh

5' y;a fldarf<a jeisfhda- isxyhd uy fldäh

6' W!fõ jeisfhda - yxihd uy fldäh

7' ud;f,a jeisfhda - iqÿ uy fldäh

8' inr.uqfõ jeisfhda - lymdg mgfrÈ uy fldäh

9' j,mfka jeisfhda - uhqr uy fldäh

10' Wvm<df;a jeisfhda - fk,%ï u,a uy fldäh

11' kqjr l,dúh - .cisxy uy fldäh

12' fj,a,iafia fldáhd uy fldäh

13' ìï;ekafka .srjd uy fldäh

14' ;ukalvqj j,yd uy fldäh

15' Wvqkqjr hákqjr ;=ïmfka' ydßiam;a;=j ÿïnr" fyajdyeg" fld;auf,a" Wvnq,;a.u" md; nq,;a.u hk rfÜ uy;ajre we;=¿ fldä

16' frÈ j,ska wdjrKh lrk ,o WK ,S len,s j,ska ;ekq rEm

17' lrvqj /q.;a ud<s.dfõ we;d' Bg msgqmiska fiiq we;=ka msrjere ckhd

18' kdhlal¾ f,alï ks,amdg fldäh

19' w;m;a;= f,alï fldäh

20' jvk ;=jlal= Ndr f,alï iqÿ mdg fldäh

21' fjälaldr f,alï r;=mdg fldäh

22' Oc m;dl f.khkakjqka

23' mxp;=¾h kdoh

24' keÜgqjka

25' Èhjvk ks,fï

26' fiiq ks,lrefjda

27' kd: foajd,fha we;d" fnrlrefjda' msßjr ckhd iu. niakdhl ks,fï

28' úIaKq foajd,fha we;d" fnrlrefjda' msßjr ckhd iu. niakdhl ks,fï

29' l;r.u foajd,fha we;d" fnrlrefjda' msßjr ckhd iu. niakdhl ks,fï

30' m;a;sks foajd,fha we;d" fnrlrefjda' msßjr ckhd iu. niakdhl ks,fï fmryer fldä;=jlal= m;a;= lsÍfuka werôK'

bka wk;=rej Wia yäka fnr k,d jdok wefia' l%s'j 1828 jekafka i¾ tÙjÙ nd¾kaia wdKavqldr;=udf.a iufha § Y%S o<od jykafia uy fmryeßka neyerg jevu jq nj jd¾;dfõ' bka wk;=rej wo jk;=re o<od jykafia Y%S o<od ud,s.dfjka neyerg jevujq njla i|yka fkdfõ' j¾;udkfha ux., yia;srdchd msg jevu jkqfha iOd;=l Od;=ka jykafia jevisák fmryer lr~qjhs'

wei< fmryer ux.,a,fha úfYaIdx. úia;rh

1' wdrlaIl r:h (- wei< fmryer ux.,a,hg uE; b;sydifhaÈ tlajq wx.hls' fmryer .uka .kakd ud¾.fhys bvlv i,id §u;a" wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lsÍu;a fuu.ska isÿfõ'

2' li lrejka-
fmryef¾ uq,skau .uka .kakd li lrejka ;u li ilia lr .kqfha yK fyj;a ksh| m÷re ;=<ska lmd .;a yK m;a ,E,a,l neo yK mf;ys u;=msg .Eúg u;=jk kq,a f.k fõ,d ilialr .ekSfuks' wä 7 la muK È.g w. ySka jkfia wUrd ne|.kakd lih w,a,d .kakd fldgi w;g myiq jkfia ,Kqj,ska fyda fjk;a øjHhlska neo .eksu isß;h' mer‚fhaÈ rcorejka neyerg .uka .kakd úg rcq bÈßfhka li mqmqrejñka heu isß; úh' rcq tk u. bvlv i,id .ekSug;a" rcq ,Õ ,Õtk nj we`.ùug;a li lrejka fhdod.kakd ,§' tu isß; nqoaO mqcduh ux.,a,hkaySÈ fmryer .uka .kakd ud¾.fhys bvlv i,id .ekSug;a" fmryer ,Õ tk nj ixksfõokh lsÍug;a li lrejka fhdod .ekSu isÿfõ' w;s;fha fmryer meje;aùfï tla wruqKla jqfha l,g jeis ,nd.ekSuh' o<od lrvqj fodrg jeüfï§ jeiai ,efnk njg úYajdihla mj;s' li msmsrùu ;=<ska jeiaig fmr oi; úysfok úÿ,sh flàfï yv yd iajremh ixfla;j;a flf¾'

3' .sksfnda, lrejka-




fmryer .uka .kakd ud¾.h fomi wdf,dalu;a lsÍu;a u. fy,s fmfy,s lr §u;a ,Õ ,Õ tk fmryefrys wdl¾IKh j¾Okh fldg krUkakkaf.a fk;a is;a meyer f.k fmryer flfrys fhduq lrjd nqoaOd,ïnk m%S;sh oekùu;a fuu.ska isÿfõ'

4' fn!oaO fldä -



fï ,Õ ,Õ bÈßhg wefokafka fn!oaO wd.ñl fmryerla nj ksrEmKh lr olajhs' fuys§ tla cd;sl fldähla o /qf.k hkq ,efí' tu.ska fuu fmryer cd;sl W;aijhla o jk nj wÕjhs'

5' Èid fldäh ^frÈ& -

m<uqj y;rfldarf<a - bry| uy fldäh fojkqj y;a fldarf<a isxyhd uy fldäh W!fõ yxihd uyfldäh ud;f,a iqÿ uy fldäh inr.uqj lymdg mgfrÈ uy fldäh ;=ka fldrf,a fírekav uy fldäh ^foysia Wl=iaid& j,mfka uhqr uy fldäh Wvm,d; fk¿ï uyd fldäh kqjr l,dúh .cisxy uy fldäh fj,a,iafia fldáhd uy fldäh ìï;ekafka .srjd uy fldähd ;ukalvqj j,yd uy fldäh hk fuu Èidjka 12 ixfla;j;a flfrk Èid fldä 12 la o" 1 Wvqkqjr 6 fyajd yeg 2 hákqjr 7 fld;auf,a 3 ;=ïmfka 8 Wv nq,;a.u 4 ydßiam;a;=j 9 md; nq,;a.u 5 ÿïnr hk kjhg fjkajq fldä kjh rfÜ rd< jrekaf.a hgf;a mej;s rg hk md,k tallh ixfla;j;a lsÍu i|yd o fhdod .kakd ,§' fuu fldä ;=<ska ta ta Èidj yd rg ksfhdackh lrñka Èidfõ jre yd rfÜ rd<,d ;u ks, msßi iu`. ;ukag kshñ; fldäh /qf.k fmryerg iyNd.s ùu idïm%odhsl pdß;%hla úh' wo tu ks,lrejka iïnkaO fkdjk kuq;a fuu fldä /qf.k hdu ;=<ska ixfla;j;a lrkqfha mer‚ uykqjr rdcOdkshg wh;a Èid yd rg ksrEmkh fldg tu n,dêldrh ixfla;j;a lsÍuhs'

6' ms;a;, Èid fldä - wxl 5 yd nef|a'





7' lvq f.khkafkda-




fmryerg wdrlaIdj iemhSu ixfla;j;a lrñka mer‚ fmryer fm<.eiafï isg mej; tk wx.hls' fmr rc oji rdclsh yuqodfõ lvq .;a yuqodj fuhg iyNd.s jqy'

8' yia;sfhl= msg .uka .kakd fmruqfKa rd<-



uykqjr rdc iufha wjidk Nd.fha tlaj ;snQ wx.hls' w,sfhl= msg ke.S hk fudyq ks,lrejkaf.a rdcldß jd¾;d"Y%S o<od ud<s.dfõ foam, ms<sno jd¾;d yd fmryer .uka .kakd ud¾.h ms<sn| jd¾;d iys; f,alï ñáh ixfla;j;a lrñka ߧ uxcqidjl nyd /qf.k hdu isÿlrhs' fudyq iqÿ ;=mafmdÜáhlska" iqÿ yeÜghlska yd ysia jeiqulska ieriS isà'

9' fyaúislrefjda-




ojq,a" ;ïueÜgï" fydrKEj" ;d,ïmg" fldïnqj" ylaf.äh" f.Êð hk jdoH NdKavhka Ndú;d flfr;s' mqcd yd ixksfõokhg úúO .uka mo jdokh lrñka bÈßhg we§ hk Tjqyq fmryef¾ pu;aldrh j¾Okh lr;s' tfiau fudjqyq fmryef¾ f;acio .dïNSr;ajh o j¾Okh lr;s' Y%S o<od ud,s.dfõ fyaúis mrïmrd y;ru ojq,a lKavdhug we;=,;a ùu iqúfYaIs ,laIKhls' ojq,a .eiSug mer‚fhaÈ iu;alï oelajQjka w;r je,af,af;dg mrmqr" fud<oKav mrmqr" fyajdúiai" Wvqfj," ly,a," Wvqmsys,a, hk mrmqrj,a fnfyúka olaI jQy' tfiau fuu mrïmrd w;r fud<f.dv" by,fj," ud,.ïuk jeks mrmqrj,a j¾;udkfha§ o m%isoaêhg m;aù we;'

10' .ckdhl ks,fï-



rc;uh wxl=ihla w;ska f.k w,sfhl= msg .uka lrk fudyq we;a mka;sfha kdhl;ajh .;a ;eke;a;d f,i fmr isgu ixfla;j;a flß‚' mqcduh ux.,a,hkays w,s we;=ka iyNd.s ùu mer‚ rcld,fha isg mej; tk pdß;%hls' úfYaIfhka jeisnr fï>h ixfla;j;a lr oelaúu w,s we;=kaf.ka bgqfõ' wkqrmqr fmdf<dkakrej wd§ mer‚ hq.hkays w,s we;=kag wu;rj wiqka o fmryerg iyd.s lrjd .;a nj olakg ,efí'

11' fydrKE jdolfhda -


foaYSh mxp;+¾h jdokfha iqisr fldgig wod,j ñysß kdohla Wmojk k<d úfYaIhla jYfhka fydrKEjg ysñjkafka iqúfYaI ia:dkhls' fyaúis jdokfha§ o fydrKEj fhdod .kS' 2006 jif¾ isg Y%S o<od ud,s.dfõ fmryerg w¿;ska tla l< wx.hls' chux., .d:d" .c.d jkaku we;=¿ Nla;sh m%ldYjk úúO kdo ud,d fuu fydrKE jdok lKavdhu Ndú;hg f.k we;'

12' pdur kegqu (-Y%S o<od jykafiag iy rcjreka we;=¨‍ m%N=kag mjka ie,Su i|yd pdurh fhdodf.k we;' tu ld¾hh úoyd olajñka miq ld,hl rdciNd k¾;khla jYfhka pdur kegqu ixúOdkù we;' fuj,ula w;e;sj k¾;kfha fhfok ksid fuh .eñ kegqula f,i o ye¢kaùug yelsh' tfy;a fï i|yd fhdodf.k we;s .dhk iy p,k foi n,k úg .eñ kegqula jYfhka ye¢kaùug fkdyelsh' flfia jqj o yqÿ úfkdaoh i|yd ir, fnr mo yd k¾;k weiqre lr .ksñka ks¾udKh ù we;s pdur kegqu fuu fmryf¾ iqúfYaI ;ekla .kS'

13' ,S fl,s lKavdhu (- b;d ir, jQ kegqï úfYaIhls' f.da;%sl kegqï j,ska fYaI jQ k¾;k wx.hls' yqÿ úfkdaoh m%ldY lsÍu i|yd ir, fnrmo ir, lú" rx. rgd yd ir, p,k fhdod .ksñka ;d,dkql+,j ,S tlsfkl .Ügkh lrñka ks¾udKh jQ .eñ kegqï wx.hls' Wvrg kegqï iïm%odhdkql=,j ilid f.k we;s fuu k¾;k ld¾fhaÈ mer‚fhaÈ iu;alï oelajqka w;r" Wvqfj," mrK.u" f,aj," mrmqrj,a m%Odk ;ekla .ks'

14' mkaf;are lKavdhu- Wvrg k¾;k iïmm%odfha úfYaI jQ k¾;k wx.hls' iQúis újrK" i;ai;sh, mkaid,siaji, jeks k¾;k wjia:d mkaf;are kegqfuka j¾Kj;a ù we;' m;a;sks foaúhkaf.a i<U wkqidrfhka mkaf;arej ieliS we;snj m%lg u;hls' .egfnrh fyj;a Wvrg fnrh fuys§ jdokh i|yd fhdod.kS' Wvrg k¾;khg wod,j iqúfYaI l=i,;d olajñka k¾;kfha fh§u mkaf;are kegqfï úfYaI ,laIKhls' ysi nÈk froao lrjg nÈk iqrh" lvqlalkaf;davq" j<Æ" mscdudj" wÈk froao" mÉpjvu" is,ïUq" l¿f,akaiqj" yjäh we÷ï wdhs;a;ï w;r olakg yelsh' w;S;fha§ W!refmd," fõrfla" w,m,dj," nQgdj;a;" ngqf.dv" ueof.dv" lä.uqj" ng.,a," md;fyajdyeg mrmqrj,a kï oerEy'

15' ;d,ï lKavdhu (- .eñ kegqï úfYaIhls' ;d, jdoH NdKavhlajk ;d,ïmg w; we;sj" ir, kegqï yd ta i|yd kshñ; .dhkd fhdod .ksñka .eg fnrfha jdokhg wkqj iliaù we;s ir< kegqï wx.hls'

16' yjä o`.hd (- ,S fl<s kegqfuka j¾Okh jQ pu;aldr kegqï wx.hls' fuys úfYaI;ajh jkqfha ,S fl<s kegqug fhdod.kakd fmdÆ iy ,Kq fhdod .ksñka w,xldr rgd úhukla ks¾udKh lsÍuhs' lKavdhu jfÜg kgñka ueo lKqjla fhdod.ksñka ta jgd rgd f.;Su iy tu f.;Su kej; wdmiq h:d mßÈ ksoyia lsÍu k¾;kfha fhfoñkau flfrk iqúfYaI ld¾hhls' fuho" .eñ kegqï wx.hls'

17' ffkhshxä lKavdhu- ysifjia wdNrK rys;j ffkhkaä rx.dNrKfhka ieriqkq m%ùk Ys,amSka úiska bÈßm;a lrk Wvrg iïm%rodhsl kegquls' .egfnrh jdokh i|yd fhdod .kakd w;r Wvrg kegqug wod,jQ lú .dhkd fhdod.kS' ^lKavdhï folls& Wvrgg wdfõksl kegqï úfYaIhls' fjia kegqug fmrd;=j yeoEßh hq;= kegqï úfYaIhls' fjia kegqug fmr l,t,s rx.khg o fhdod .ks' wjq,a yerh" nkaä j<Æ" Wrndyqj" is,ïnq" /q<s uka;h" hg l,siu" wáßhl wÈk froao" mÉpjvu, wdÈfhka we÷ï wdhs;a;ï iukaú; fõ' w;S;fha fjia kegqug iu;alï oelajQfha kdrïmkdj" we,Tgqj .,afod, hk mrmqrj,h' Wvrg k¾;k iïm%odhg wod,j k¾;k wx.hls'

18' lvq irU (- lvq irU mokï lr .ksñka ck kegqula jYfhka ckm%sh jQ k¾;k wx.hls' m%Yia;s iy ygka .S fuys .dhkd jYfhka fhdod .kS'

19' mkaf;are kegqu (- wxl 14 yd nefoa

20' w;a rnka (- Y%S ,xldfõ rnka jdok w;r uy rnka w;a rnka iy úßÿ rnka jYfhka fldgia ;=klg fjka l< yelsh' fuys w;arnka fldgig wh;aj w;ska jdokh lrñka rndk lrljñka iqúfYaIjQ Ys,am olajñka" Wv oeóu oE;a jgd lr lemSu wdÈ Ys,am oelaùu fuys jeo.;a ,laIKhls' rnka jdokhg wod, lú .dhkd iy m%Yia: .dhkd fhdod .kS' hg l,siu uola by<ska wÈ" ÿUqre mdg froao" uka;h" wjq,a yerh lvqlalka" is,ïUq" weÿï me<ÿï jYfhka Ndú;d flf¾'

21' ;d,x kegqu (- wxl 15 yd nefoa

22' mkaf;are kegqu (- wxl 14 yd nefoa

23' fõje,a kegqu (- fõje,a w;ska f.k rx. rgd ks¾udKh lrñka rx.kfha fhfok úfYaIs; jQ .eñ kegquls' fuys kegqug jvd wdl¾YŒh jQ rx. rgd iuQyhlska hqla;h' ÈlajQ fõje,a fl,jr w,a,df.k lKavdhfï tlsfkld udrefjñka fm%laIl is;a weo .ksñka rx.kfha fhfoa' .dhk yd jdok i|yd úfYaI ;ekla ysñ fkdfõ'

24' Wvelals kegqu (-



wd;; NdKavhla jk Wvelalsh w;ska f.k tla w;lska jdokh lrñka nqÿ .=K .hñka thgu wdfõ‚l jQ rx. jia;‍%dNrKhlska ieriS ir, kegqula boßßm;a lsÍu fuys úfYaI;ajhhs' fmryr wx.hla jYfhka ieliSfï§ úfYaIs; jQ rx. rgd fhdod.ksñka w;a jdre wdÈh we;sj jdokfha fhfoñka rx.kfha fhfoa'

25' ffkhshxä lKavdhu (- wxl 17 yd nefoa

26' lvq kegqï lKavdhu (- wxl 18 yd nefoa

27' ;ïueÜgï jdok lKavdhu (-



mxp ;+¾hH jdok NdKavhla yd fyaúis jdok NdKavhla jYfhka úfYaI ;ekla .kakd ;ïueÜgu muKla fhdod .ksñka bÈßm;a lrk jdok lKavhls' 2006 jif¾ isg fuu fmryrg w¿;ska tlal< b;d jeo.;a jQ;a Ydia;‍%Sh jYfhka jákdlulska hq;= jQ;a olaI jdok lKavdhuls' ;ïueÜgï jdokh i|yd Wvqkqjr" werõjdj," fyajdúiai" hldfj," ߧ.u hk mrmqrj,a kïord isáhy'

28' rnka rx.k lKavdhu (- wxl 20 yd nefoa

29' mkaf;are kegqu (- wxl 14 yd nefoa

30' m;=re kegqï lKavdhu (- ,S m;=rla w;e;sj kgk .eñ kegquls' kegqug wdfõ‚l lú .dhkd iy jdok fhdodf.k we;' .eñ kegqula jYfhka m%p,s; jQ m;=re kegqu úÑ;% jQ rx. rgd yd p,k fhdod .ksñka ;d,hg wkqj w;a yd mdo iu. >ÜGkh lrñka k¾;kfha fhfok ks¾udKd;aul k¾;k wx.hls'

31' Wvelals kegqu (- wxl 24 yd nefoa

32' fjia lKavdhu (- Wvrg kegqfï uqÿka u,a lv jQ fjia kegqu Y%S ,xldfõ muKla fkdj úfoaYhkays o m%p,s; kegqï úfYaIhls'm%ùk Ys,amSka úiska fuu kegqu bÈßm;a flf¾' Wvrg kegqug wod, lú .dhkd lrñkam%rùk jdok Ys,amSkaf.a fnr jdokhg wkqj bÈßm;a lrk fuu fjia kegquY%S o<od lr~qj iy .re Èhjvk ks<fï ;=ud bÈßfha lKavdhï folla jYfhka rx.kfha fhfoa' uykqjr wei< fmryf¾ iqúfYaI jQ fukau f.!rjdorhg md;‍%jQ k¾;kh jkafkao Wvrg fjia kegquhs' fuu k¾;k wx.h uykqjr wei< fmryer ux.,a,hg tlaù we;af;a l%s'j 1919 isg nj lshfõ'

33' ldßh lrjk fldard<- Tyqg wh;a iqúfYaIS ld¾hhka w;r jevujk fmryer lr~qj Ndrj .uka lsÍu jeo.;a rdcldßhla jYfhka ie,fla' iqÿ ;=mafmdÜáh" iqÿ yeÜgh yd ysia jeiqu Tyqf.a ks, weÿuhs'

34' kd.isxyï- kdkquqr ux.,a,h yd úfYaI W;aij ux.,a,hkaysÈ Y%S o<od ud,s.dfõ isÿ flfrk jdokhka w;r fuh o jeo.;a ;ekla .ks' kd.isxyï" ;ífndarej" Wvelalsh" lhs;d,u Tjqkaf.a jdoH NdKavhs' fuh yskaÿ n,mEu ;=<ska ilia jQjla f,i l,amkd lr;s'

35' Wvq úhka iys; mdjv u;ska lrvqj jvujk ux., yia;s rdchd iu`. oEf,a we;=ka fofokd(- fmryer lrvqj jevujk yia;s rdchd jYfhka jir mkyla muK ;siafia wo cd;sl Wreuhla njg m;aj we;s rdcd we;d fhdod .kakd ,È' bkamiq fndfyda úg jißka jirg fjk;a we;=ka fï i|yd fhdodf.k we;'

36' fn!oaO fldä 02 /f.k hdu

37' lúldr uvqj (- Y%S o<od ud<s.dfõ lúldr uvqj fuhg iyNd.s fõ'

38' u,a myka f.khkafkda- fuho mer‚fha mj;sk pdß;%hls' uE; w;S;fhaÈ kej; we;s úh'

39' fjia kegqï- wxl 32 yd nefoa

40' Èhjvk ks,fï;=ud- l%s' j' 1814 isg Èhjvk ks,fïjre 19 fofkl= ks, ld¾hfhysfhÈ we;s w;r 19 jk Èhjvk ks,fïjrhd jYfhka m‍%§ma ks,x. oE, Èhjvk ks,fïjrhd fuu fmryerg iyNd.s fõ'

41' fomi uqrdhqO lrejka yd uq;=l=vh (-

42' nqreu fldä 02 la

43' .ï oyfha úodfkajre (- w;S;fhaÈ úodfkajre 09 fofkl= iyNd.s jQ w;r j¾;udkfha§ 13 fofkl= iyNd.s fj;s' fudjqyq ks, weÿñka ieriS Èhjvk ks,fï;=udg miq miska .uka lr;s'

44' fu;eka isg o<od ud,s.dj fmryerg miq kd:" úIaKq" l;r.u" m;a;sks iõuyd foajd,hkays fmryer wkqms<sfj,g .uka flfrkq we;' isõuyd foajd,hkays fmryer kd: úIaKq l;r.u m;a;sks hk isõuyd foajd,hkaf.ka kd: úIaKq m;a;sks foajd, ;=k Y%S o<od ud<s.dj wdikakfha msysgd we;s w;r, uykqjr Y%S l;r.u foajd,h fldgqf.dve,a, ùÈfha k.rh uOHfha msysgd we;' fuhska kd: yd m;a;sks foajd, fol o<od ud<s.d p;=rY%h ;=< m%dldrhlska jgù ;sfnkq oelsh yelsh' Y%S o<od ud<s.dfõ i;r ux.,a,hkaysÈ fuu isõ uyd foajd,h o jeo.;a fõ' úfYaIfhka 1753 j¾Ifhka miq ls¾;s Y%S rdcisxy rcq oji isg j¾;udkh olajd Y%S o<od ud,s.dj fmrgqfldg fuu foajd, y;r kd: úIaKq l;r.u m;a;sks hk wkq ms<sfj,g fmryef¾ .uka lrkq olakg ,efí' Y%S kd: foajd,h wei< fmryer ux.,a,fha fm<.eiau wkqj Y%S o<od ud<s.dfõ fmryerg miqmiska .uka flfrk m<uq foajd, fmryer kd: foajd,fha fmryerhs' kd: foajd,h lemù we;af;a u;= nqÿjk kd: foúhka fjkqfjks' .ïm, rdcOdksh fldg .;a ;=kajk úl%undyq rcq ^l%s'j 1360-1375& kj rdcOdkshla msysgqùu i|yd rdcmqreIhka u.ska ch N+ñhla fiùh' ta wkqj fixlKav kï nuqKd rdcmqreIhkaf.a b,a,Su wkqj ;ud isá f,k wi,ska .,aleg lsmhla /qf.k bka tla .,a legla wi, ;snq mÿrlg ùis l< úg bka iqÿ ydfjl= u;= úh' ;j;a .,a leghla ùis l< úg isfjf,l= u;= jq w;r" tu isj,d úiska ydjd ÆyqnÈkq ,eîh' ydjd ;ud ie.ù isá mÿr wi, .iaì,h olajd ÿjú;a wdmiq yeÍ isj,d miqmi Æyq nekafoah hk isoaêhla o, fldáhl= úiska ÆyqnÈkq ,enq uqfjla fuu N+ñhg meñK wdmiq yeÍ fldáhd miqmi ÆyqnÈk ,o isoaêhla o" hk wdYap¾hj;a foa wkqj fuh chN+ñhla jYfhka fixLKav kï nuqKd fj;ska oek rc;=udg oekaùfuka miq ;=kajk úl%undyq rc;=ud úiska fuu ia:dkfhys fixlv.,mqrh yd kd: foajd,h f.dv kekajq nj lshfõ' nuqKdf.a kñka tu k.rh fixlv.,mqrh kï ù we;ehs mqrd jD;a;hkaf.ka lshefõ' tfiau pq,fndaê jxYhg wkqj fojk mE;sia rcq oji kd: kï n‍%ylauKfhl= úiska f.k tk ,o fo;sia m,rey fndaêka jykafia frdamKh l< ;ek tu nuqKd kñka kd: kï ù hehs mejfik u;hla o mj;s' fuu foajd, f.dvke.s,a, fixlv.,mqr we;s mer‚u f.dv ke.s,a,ls' Y%S o<od ud<s.djg;a fmrd;=j fuu f.dvke.s,a, bÈl< nj lshfõ' uykqjr rcjre Tgqkq me<oùu' lvq lr,Su isÿlf<a o rcqg kula ;eîfïÈ mqiafld< j, ,shk ,o kï lsmhla kd: foúhka bÈßfha ;nd kula f;dard.eksu isÿlf<a o kd: foúhka bÈßfhah' lma isgqùfïÈ lfmys uq,a fldgi fnodfokqfha o" Èh lemqï ux.,a,fhaÈ m<uqj .egfò f;dgg neiSug yelafla o, kd: foajd,hghs' kd: foúhkaf.a j¾Kh ly jYfhka o, yxihd r:h jYfhka o fhdod .efka' fuu foajd,fha fmryer fm<.efikqfha o o<od ud,s.dfõ fm<.eiaug fndfyda fihska iudkjh' úIaKq foajd,h wei, fmryefrys .uka .kakd foajd, fmryer w;r fojkqjg .uka lrkqfha úIaKq foajd,fha fmryerhs' .=re¿ jdykdrevj oi wj;drfhka fmksisáñka ishÆ f,da i;=kg fi;a Ydka;sh i,ik u;= nqÿ nj m;k" nqoaO Ydik NdrOdßj wdrlaIdj i,ik úIaKq foúhka fjkq fjka fuu foajd,h lem fldg we;' fuu foúhka fjkqfjka lemjq m%Odk foajd, lsmhlau Èjhsfka msysgd ;sfí' fldf,dkaf;dg isg uykqjrg úys§ we;s m%Odk ud¾.fhys msysgd ;sfnk wÆ;a kqjr foajd,h úIaKq foúhka Wfoid lemjqkq tjeks mer‚;u foajd,hls' mer‚fhaÈ uykqjr wei, uyd fmryerg fmßka fmryer meje;afjk wÆ;a kqjr foajd,fha isg lm fmafldg isõ uyd foajd,hkag lma isgqùu i|yd Ndrÿka nj lshfõ' uykqjr rdcOdksfhys úIaKq foajd,h f.dvke.sfuka wk;=rej uy foajd,h jYfhka th yeÈkaùug mgka .;s' rcjreka wNsfYaIlfhka miq k<,a mgh nÈkq ,eîfï pdß;‍%h bgqlrkq ,enqfha fuu foajd,fha isg nj lshfõ' wei< uyd fmryef¾ lma isgqùug lm fnod fok foajd,h jYfhkq;a fmryeßka miq isÿjk j,shla kegqu meje;afjk foajd,h jYfhkq;a fuu foajd,h iqúfYaI ia:dkhla .ks' l;r.u foajd,h 14 jk ishjif¾È muK wdrïN jQ nj ie,flk uykqjr l;r.u foajd,h 16 jk ishjif¾È jvd;a ckm%sh úh' fuu foajd,h ialkaOl=udr fyj;a l;r.u foú kñka lemù we;' le;s kel;ska Wmka l;r.u foúhka Wfoid flreKq m%Odk foajd,h reyqfKa l;r.u msysgd we;af;ah' uqyqKq ihlska yd w;a fodf<dilska rlak j¾Kfhka uhqrdmsg jev isák l;r.u foúhka Wfoid flfrk k¾;khka w;r ldjä kegqu iqúfYaIs ;ekla .ks' m;a;sks foajd,h Y%S o<od ud,s.d p;=ri%fha msysgqjd we;s mer‚ f.dvke.s,s j,ska tla f.dvke.s,a,la jYfhka m;a;sks foajd,h o ie,fla' m;s Nla;sh /ls W;a;u ldka;djla f,i mqfcdamydrhg m;ajk m;a;sks foaj ue‚hka i;a jdrhla bm§ we;ehs" ckm%jdohkays oelafõ' jfrl c,fhka o, ;j;a jfrl uf,ka o ;j;a jfrl khs lÿf,ka o" ;j;a úfgl lÿre fmd;af;ka o, ;j;a úfgl ms‚ ìÿfjka o" ;j;a jfrl fyfKka o" wjik wfUka o" Wmka nj m;a;skshdÈkafkys i|yka fõ' úfYaIfhka m;a;sks weoys,a, ;=<ska l=vd orejkag yd ldka;djkag fi;a ie,fik nj úYajdi flfrk w;r" ieÕjqKq f,v frda." l=Iag frda." iqjm;a lr.eksug yd orejka fkdue;s whg orejka ,nd.eksug Ndr ydr jk" W;a;u foaj;dúhla f,i m;a;sks foaj ue‚fhda woy;s' m;a;sks foajd,fha fmryer wei< fmryef¾ wjidkhg .uka .kakd foajd, fmryerhs' fuu foajd, fmryef¾ jevujk we;d msg ne¢ rkaisúf.h ;=< ;eïm;a lr ;sfnkqfha m;a;sks foaj ue‚hkaf.a rkska ksujq l=vd m%;sud jykafia kuls'